Evaluating the Effect of Fire on Cultivated Tropical Peat Properties: Lessons Learned from Observation in East Kutai Peatlands
The effect of fire on cultivated tropical peat properties
https://doi.org/10.52045/jca.v3i1.351
Keywords:
peat fire, cultivated peatland, soil bio-physicochemical propertiesAbstract
Fire and its associated impact highly affect peatland, particularly the peat properties, the plant cultivated above it, and its surrounding environment. Despite much research focused on fire monitoring or susceptibility assessments, peat consumption during fire occurrence, emissions from burned peat, and rehabilitation or restoration of burned peat, little attention is given to studying the changes of peat bio-physicochemical after burning. This small-scale study aims to examine the fire’ effect on the upper 30 cm of peat’s bio-physicochemical properties two months after being burned, using unburned peat as a reference. The result of this study indicated that fire-affected peat at all of our sampling depths. The impacted changes on peat chemical variables were varied. This study also found that sampling methods, fire magnitude and severity, peat physicochemical properties, laboratory determination, and statistical analyses were paramount in examining the fire effect on peat properties. This study also promotes the combination approach that represents both local and global phenomena to analyze and interpret the change of burned peat properties from its initial unburned state. More efforts are required to verify the initial results reported in this study and to gain in-depth information concerning the intricate relationships of organic materials, climate, hydrology, and vegetation across spatial and temporal scales in cultivated tropical peat as affected by fire events.
Downloads
References
Adrianto HA, Spracklen DV, Arnold SR, Sitanggang IS, Syaufina. L. 2020. Forest and land fires are mainly associated with deforestation in Riau Province, Indonesia. Remote Sensing, 12(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010003
Bodí MB, Martin DA, Balfour VN, Santín C, Doerr SH, Pereira P, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J. 2014. Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects. Earth-Science Reviews, 130:103–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007
Che Azmi NA, Mohd Apandi NA, Rashid AS. 2021. Carbon emissions from the peat fire problem—a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(14):16948–16961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12886-x
Crippa P, Castruccio S, Archer-Nicholls S, Lebron GB, Kuwata M, Thota A, Sumin S, Butt E, Wiedinmyer C, Spracklen DV. 2016. Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia. Scientific Reports. 6:37074. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep3707
Dadap NC, Hoyt AM, Cobb AR, Oner D, Kozinski M, Fua PV, Rao K, Harvey CF, Konings AG. 2021. Drainage canals in Southeast Asian peatlands increase carbon emissions. AGU Advances, 2:e2020AV000321. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020AV000321
Dargie GC, Lewis SL, Lawson IT, Mitchard ETA, Page SE, Bocko YE, Ifo SA. 2017. Age, extent and carbon storage of the central Congo Basin peatland complex. Nature, 542:86–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21048
Dhandapani S, Evers S. 2020. Oil palm ‘slash-and-burn’ practice increases post-fire greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient concentrations in burnt regions of an agricultural tropical peatland. Science of the Total Environment, 742:140648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140648
Dohong A, Aziz AA, Dargusch P. 2017. A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia. Land Use Policy, 69:349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.035
Field RD, van der Werf GR, Shen SSP. 2009. Human amplification of drought-induced biomass burning in Indonesia since 1960. Nature Geoscience, 2(3):185–188. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo443
Hakim A, Suzuki T, Kobayashi M. 2019. strength of humic acid aggregates: effects of divalent cations and solution pH. ACS Omega, 4(5):8559–8567. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00124
Gumbricht T, Roman-Cuesta RM, Verchot L, Herold M, Wittmann F, Householder E, Herold N, Murdiyarso D. 2017. An expert system model for mapping tropical wetlands and peatlands reveals South America as the largest contributor. Global Change Biology, 23:3581–3599. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13689
Harrison ME, Ottay JB, D’Arcy LJ, Cheyne SM, Anggodo, Belcher C, Cole L, Dohong A, Ermiasi Y, Feldpausch T et al. 2019. Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions. People and Nature. 2:4–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10060
Hirano T, Kusin K, Limin S, Osaki M. 2013. Carbon dioxide emissions through oxidative peat decomposition on a burnt tropical peatland. Global Change Biology, 20(2):555–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12296
Hoyt AM, Chaussard E, Seppalainen SS, Harvey CF. 2020. Widespread subsidence and carbon emissions across Southeast Asian peatlands. Nature Geoscience, 13(6):435–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0575-4
Hu Y, Fernandez-Anez N, Smith TEL, Rein G. 2018. Review of emissions from smouldering peat fires and their contribution to regional haze episodes. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27(5):293. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf17084.
Husson SJ, Limin SH, Adul, Boyd NS, Brousseau JJ, Collier S, Cheyne SM, D'Arcy LJ, Dow RA, Dowds NW, et al. 2018. Biodiversity of the Sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Mires and Peat. 22(05):1-50. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2018.OMB.352
Husson, F., Josse, J., Le, S. and Mazet, J. 2020. Package ‘FactoMineR’. Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining. Retrieved from https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/FactoMineR/index.html.
Kalinichev AG, Kirkpatrick RJ. 2007. Molecular dynamics simulation of cationic complexation with natural organic matter. European Journal of Soil Science, 58(4):909–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00929.x
Kassambara A, Mundt F. 2020. Package: 'factoextra'. Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. Retrieved from https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/factoextra/index.html.
Könönen M, Jauhiainen J, Laiho R, Kusin K, Vasander H. 2015. Physical and chemical properties of tropical peat under stabilised land uses. Mires and Peat, 16(8):1-13.
Marcotte AL, Limpens J, Stoof CR, Stoorvogel JJ. 2022. Can ash from smoldering fires increase peatland soil pH? International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31(6):607–620. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21150
Miller MA. 2021. Market‐based commons: Social agroforestry, fire mitigation strategies, and green supply chains in Indonesia’s peatlands. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 47:77–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12472
Mishra S, Page SE, Cobb AR, Ser Huay Lee J, Jovani-Sancho AJ, Sjögersten S, Jaya A, Aswandi, Wardle DA. 2021. Degradation of Southeast Asian tropical peatlands and integrated strategies for their better management and restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology. 58:1370–1387. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.1390
Nelson DW, Sommers LE. 1996. Total organic carbon and organic matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods; Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnston CT, Sumner ME. (Eds.); American Society of Agronomy: Madison, Wisc., 961– 1010. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c34
Nurdiati S, Bukhari F, Julianto TM, Sopaheluwakan A, Aprilia M, Fajar I, Septiawan P, Najib MK. 2022. The impact of El Niño southern oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole on the burned area in Indonesia. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. 33:16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44195-022-00016-0
Page S, Hoscilo A, Langner A, Tansey K, Siegert F, Limin S, Rieley J. 2009. Tropical peatland fires in Southeast Asia. In Cochrane MA, Tropical Fire Ecology: Climate Change, Land Use and Ecosystem Dynamics, Chichester (UK). Springer and Praxis Publishing. p263–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77381-8_9
Page SE, Rieley JO, Banks CJ. 2011. Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool. Global Change Biology, 17:798–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x
Page SE, Hooijer A. 2016. In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 371: 20150176. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0176
Page S, Mishra S, Agus F, Anshari G, Dargie G, Evers S, Jauhainen J, Jaya A, Jovani-Sancho AJ, Laurén A, Sjögersten S, Suspense IA, Wijedasa LS, Evans CD. 2022. Anthropogenic impacts on lowland tropical peatland biogeochemistry. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3:426–443. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00289-6
Posa MRC, Wijedasa LS, Corlett RT. 2011. Biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. BioScience, 61(1):49–57. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10
Prasetyo LB, Setiawan Y, Condro AA, Kustiyo K, Putra EI, Hayati N, Wijayanto AK, Ramadhi A, Murdiyarso, D. 2022. Assessing Sumatran Peat vulnerability to fire under various condition of ENSO phases using machine learning approaches. Forests, 13:828. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060828
Putra R, Lestari DO, Sutriyono E, Sabaruddin S, Iskandar I. 2019. Dynamical link of peat fires in South Sumatra and the climate modes in the Indo-Pacific region. Indonesian Journal of Geography. 51(1):18-22. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.35667
Quintana JR, Cala V, Moreno AM, Parra JG. 2007. Effect of heating on mineral components of the soil organic horizon from a Spanish juniper (Juniperus thurifera L.) woodland. Journal of Arid Environments, 71:45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.03.002
R Core Team. 2022. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Ramdani F, Hino, M. 2013. Land use changes and GHG emissions from tropical forest conversion by oil palm plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 8(7):e70323, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070323
Rein G, Cleaver N, Ashton C, Pironi P, Torero JL. 2008. The severity of smouldering peat fires and damage to the forest soil. Catena, 74:304–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.05.008
Rieley JO. 2016. Biodiversity of tropical peatland in Southeast Asia. Proceeding of 15th International Peat Congress; International Peatland Society. Kuching, Malaysia 15-19 August 2016. Curran Associates, Inc
Sazawa K, Wakimoto T, Fukushima M, Yustiawati Y, Syawal MS, Hata N, Taguchi S, Tanaka S, Tanaka D, Kuramitz H. 2018. Impact of peat fire on the soil and export of dissolved organic carbon in tropical peat soil, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2(7):692–701. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00018
Scheper AC, Verweij PA, van Kuijk M. 2021. Post-fire forest restoration in the humid tropics: A synthesis of available strategies and knowledge gaps for effective restoration. Science of the Total Environment, 771:144647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144647
Siegert F, Ruecker G, Hinrichs A, Hoffmann AA. 2001. Increased damage from fires in logged forests during droughts caused by El Niño. Nature, 414(6862):437–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/35106547
Sinclair AL, Graham LLB, Putra EI, Saharjo BH, Applegate G, Grover SP, Cochrane MA. 2020. Effects of distance from canal and degradation history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland. Science of The Total Environment, 699:134199. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199
Sparks DL. 2003. Environmental Soil Chemistry. San Diego (US). Academic Press.
Sulaeman D, Sari ENN, Westhoff TP. 2021. Effects of peat fires on soil chemical and physical properties: a case study in South Sumatra. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648:012146. http://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012146
Taufik M, Widyastuti MT, Sulaiman A, Mudiyarso D, Santikayasa IP, Minasny B. 2022. An improved drought-fire assessment for managing fire risks in tropical peatlands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 312:108738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108738
Terzano D, Attorre F, Parish F, Moss P, Bresciani F, Cooke R, Dargusch P. 2022. Community-led peatland restoration in Southeast Asia: 5Rs approach. Restoration Ecology, e13642. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13642
Thornton SA, Setiana E, Yoyo K, Dudin, Yulintine, Harrison ME, Page S, Upton C. 2020. Towards biocultural approaches to peatland conservation: The case for fish and livelihoods in Indonesia. Environmental Science & Policy, 114:341–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.08.018
Tipping, E. 2004. Cation Binding by Humic Substances. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p140
Úbeda X, Pereira P, Outeiro L, Martin DA. 2009. Effects of fire temperature on the pysical and chemical characteristics of the ash from two plots of cork oak (Quercus suber). Land Degradation & Development, 20, 589–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.930
Usup A, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi H, Hayasaka H. 2004. Combustion and thermal characteristics of peat fire in tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropics, 14(1):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.14.1
Vetrita Y, Cochrane MA, Suwarsono, Priyatna M, Sukowati KAD, Khomarudin MR. 2021. Evaluating accuracy of four MODIS-derived burned area products for tropical peatland and non-peatland fires. Environmental Research Letter, 16:035015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd3d1
Volkova L, Adinugroho WC, Krisnawati H, Imanuddin R, Weston CJ. 2021. Loss and recovery of carbon in repeatedly burned degraded peatlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Fire, 4:64. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040064
Wickham, H. 2022. Package ‘tidyverse’. Easily Install and Load the ‘Tidyverse’. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tidyverse/index.html.
Wijedasa LS. 2016. Peat soil bulk density important for estimation of peatland fire emissions. Global Change Biology, 22(9):2959–2959. http://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13364
Yuwati TW, Rachmanadi D, Pratiwi, Turjaman M, Indrajaya Y, Nugroho HYSH, Qirom MA, Narendra BH, Winarno B, Lestari S, et al. 2021. Restoration of degraded tropical peatland in Indonesia: A review. Land, 10:1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111170
Zaccone C, Rein G, D’Orazio V, Hadden RM, Belcher CM, Miano TM. 2014. Smouldering fire signatures in peat and their implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 137:134–146. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.018
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Heru Bagus Pulunggono, Moh Zulfajrin, Nabila Hanifah, Lina Lathifah Nurazizah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
